Pelvic inflammatory disease.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the fallopian tubes that is becoming increasingly common, is characterized by pain in the abdomen and other symptoms similar to those of appendicitis and ectopic pregnancy. A variety of organisms has been associated with it: gonococcus, chlamydia, and mycoplasma, almost all of which are sexually transmitted. They can also enter the pelvic cavity through several mechanisms (flare-ups of infection following menstruation; IUD insertions; abortions; and operations which involve entering the pelvic cavity). Gonococcal and chlamydial infections are usually asymptomatic and can live in the mucous membranes of the mouth, eye, and anus as well as in the urogenital tract. PID attacks usually occur during and immediately after menstruation when there is no mucus plug in the fallopian tube at that time. To control PID, women have to diagnose seemingly minor infections and treat them appropriately. Women who are having routine gynecological checkups should be tested for gonococcus and vaginal infections. Although IUD use has been associated with PID attacks, other forms of contraception - pills, condoms, and foam, protect against PID attack.